To support governments in strengthening the prevention and control of cardiovascular disease, WHO and the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S. The document also includes target blood pressure to be achieved for control, and information on who, in the health-care system, can initiate treatment. The publication provides evidence-based recommendations for the initiation of treatment of hypertension, and recommended intervals for follow-up. In 2021, the WHO released a new guideline for on the pharmacological treatment of hypertension in adults. The World Health Organization (WHO) is supporting countries to reduce hypertension as a public health problem. Eliminating/reducing trans fats in diet.Limiting the intake of foods high in saturated fats.Being physically active on a regular basis.Reducing salt intake (to less than 5g daily).How can the burden of hypertension be reduced?Reducing hypertension prevents heart attack, stroke, and kidney damage, as well as other health problems. This increase is due mainly to a rise in hypertension risk factors in those populations.
The number of adults with hypertension increased from 594 million in 1975 to 1.13 billion in 2015, with the increase seen largely in low- and middle-income countries. The WHO African Region has the highest prevalence of hypertension (27%) while the WHO Region of the Americas has the lowest prevalence of hypertension (18%). The prevalence of hypertension varies across regions and country income groups. Why is hypertension an important issue in low- and middle-income countries?
In addition, hypertension can cause kidney damage, leading to kidney failure. Hypertension can also burst or block arteries that supply blood and oxygen to the brain, causing a stroke.
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Although individuals can measure their own blood pressure using automated devices, an evaluation by a health professional is important for assessment of risk and associated conditions. Having blood pressure measured is quick and painless. The only way to detect hypertension is to have a health professional measure blood pressure. Severe hypertension can cause fatigue, nausea, vomiting, confusion, anxiety, chest pain, and muscle tremors. When symptoms do occur, they can include early morning headaches, nosebleeds, irregular heart rhythms, vision changes, and buzzing in the ears. For this reason, it is essential that blood pressure is measured regularly. Most people with hypertension are unaware of the problem because it may have no warning signs or symptoms. Hypertension is called a "silent killer". What are common symptoms of hypertension? Non-modifiable risk factors include a family history of hypertension, age over 65 years and co-existing diseases such as diabetes or kidney disease.
Modifiable risk factors include unhealthy diets (excessive salt consumption, a diet high in saturated fat and trans fats, low intake of fruits and vegetables), physical inactivity, consumption of tobacco and alcohol, and being overweight or obese. What are the risk factors for hypertension? Hypertension is diagnosed if, when it is measured on two different days, the systolic blood pressure readings on both days is ≥140 mmHg and/or the diastolic blood pressure readings on both days is ≥90 mmHg. The second (diastolic) number represents the pressure in the vessels when the heart rests between beats. The first (systolic) number represents the pressure in blood vessels when the heart contracts or beats. Hypertension is when blood pressure is too high.īlood pressure is written as two numbers. Blood pressure is the force exerted by circulating blood against the walls of the body’s arteries, the major blood vessels in the body.
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